2023-04-13

(चि॰)

चैत्रः-01-23 ,धनुः-पूर्वाषाढा🌛🌌 , मीनः-रेवती-12-30🌞🌌 , मधुः-01-24🌞🪐 , गुरुः

  • Indian civil date: 1945-01-23, Islamic: 1444-09-22 Ramaḍān, 🌌🌞: सं- मीनः, तं- पङ्गुनि, म- मीनं, प- चेत, अ- च’त
  • संवत्सरः 🌛- शोभनः, 🌌🌞- शुभकृत्, 🪐🌞- शोभनः
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1945, विक्रमाब्दः 2080, कलियुगे 5124
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌌🌞- शकाब्दः 1944, विक्रमाब्दः 2079, कलियुगे 5123
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🪐🌞 - शकाब्दः 1945, विक्रमाब्दः 2080, कलियुगे 5124

  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — वसन्तऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — शिशिरऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — वसन्तऋतुः चैत्रः (≈मधुः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — कृष्ण-अष्टमी►25:34*; कृष्ण-नवमी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — पूर्वाषाढा►10:42; उत्तराषाढा► (मकरः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — रेवती►
    • राशि-मासः — फाल्गुनः►

  • 🌛+🌞योगः — शिवः►12:31; सिद्धः►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — बालवम्►14:41; कौलवम्►25:34*; तैतिलम्►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—मिथुनम्

  • 🌞-🪐 मूढग्रहाः - गुरुः (0.81° → 1.55°)
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - बुधः (-19.23° → -19.06°), मङ्गलः (-76.51° → -76.06°), शुक्रः (-39.29° → -39.47°), शनिः (48.92° → 49.81°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — मीनः►. मङ्गल — मिथुनम्►. शुक्र — वृषभः►. बुध — मेषः►. राहु — मेषः►. केतु — तुला►.


दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—06:01-12:09🌞-18:17🌇
चन्द्रः ⬇11:56 ⬆01:07*
शनिः ⬇14:57 ⬆03:14*
गुरुः ⬇18:13 ⬆05:55*
मङ्गलः ⬆11:02 ⬇23:47
शुक्रः ⬆08:25 ⬇21:06
बुधः ⬆07:08 ⬇19:38
राहुः ⬆06:42 ⬇19:05
केतुः ⬇06:42 ⬆19:05

  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—06:01-07:33; साङ्गवः—09:05-10:37; मध्याह्नः—12:09-13:41; अपराह्णः—15:13-16:45; सायाह्नः—18:17-19:45
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—06:01-06:50; प्रातः-मु॰2—06:50-07:39; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:17-10:06; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—11:45-12:34; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:12-15:01; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:39-17:28; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:28-18:17
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:27-05:14; मध्यरात्रिः—22:59-01:19

  • राहुकालः—13:41-15:13; यमघण्टः—06:01-07:33; गुलिककालः—09:05-10:37

  • शूलम्—दक्षिणा (►14:12); परिहारः–तैलम्

उत्सवाः

  • काञ्ची ५६ जगद्गुरु श्री-सर्वज्ञ सदाशिव बोधेन्द्र सरस्वती आराधना #४८५, जलियन्वालाबाघ-हत्या #१०४, पञ्च-पर्व-पूजा (अष्टमी), शिवराजो मृतः #३४३

जलियन्वालाबाघ-हत्या #१०४

Event occured on 1919-04-13 (gregorian).

On this day, British Brigadier-General R. E. H. Dyer surrounded Jallianwala Bagh with his soldiers, blocked the exit, and fired at a crowd of unarmed crowd of baisAkhi celebrators plus pro-independence protestors. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted (10 minutes, 1,650 rounds). At least 1000 people were killed and over 1,200 other people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured. 120 bodies were recovered from a well in the grounds.

Dyer is reported to have, from time to time, “checked his fire and directed it upon places where the crowd was thickest”. Some of the soldiers initially shot into the air, at which Dyer shouted: “Fire low. What have you been brought here for?”.

The following day, Dyer issued the following notice:

You people know well that I am a Sepoy and soldier. Do you want war or peace? If you wish for a war, the Government is prepared for it, and if you want peace, then obey my orders and open all your shops; else I will shoot. For me the battlefield of France or Amritsar is the same. I am a military man and I will go straight. … I have served in the military for over 30 years. I understand the Indian Sepoy and Sikh people very well. You will have to obey my orders and observe peace. Otherwise the shops will be opened by force and rifles. You will have to report to me of the Badmash [criminals]. I will shoot them. Obey my orders and open shops. Speak up if you want war? You have committed a bad act in killing the English. The revenge will be taken upon you and upon your children.

Aftermath

Michael O’Dwyer, Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab from 1913 to 1919, endorsed Dyer and called the massacre a “correct” action. O’Dwyer was assassinated in London in 1940 by Udham Singh.

Responses polarized both the British and Indian peoples. The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control. Britain never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed “regret” in 2019.

Dyer was allowed to resign and settle in Britain. Huge funds were raised, including contributions by civil servants and Army officers and presented to the butcher; while families of the victims received Rs 500 (then equal to £37.10s.0d; equivalent to £1,497 in 2019) each after long delay. Dyer suffered a series of strokes during the last years of his life and he became increasingly isolated due to the paralysis and speechlessness inflicted by his strokes.

Details

काञ्ची ५६ जगद्गुरु श्री-सर्वज्ञ सदाशिव बोधेन्द्र सरस्वती आराधना #४८५

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Aṣṭamī tithi of Caitraḥ (lunar) month (Aparāhṇaḥ/vyaapti). The event occurred in 4640 (Kali era).

Then, the son of Cirutacikkadādhvari on the banks of river Uttarapinākinī, a devotee of Hari, the preceptor Bodheśvara, bearing the appellation Sadāśiva under the directions of preceptor Chandracūḍa, was Jagadguru for sixteen years adored by the King Pravīra Sethupati. The preceptor visited the sacred Sethu Rāmeśvara, having worshipped Lord Śiva for the welfare of the mankind reached eternal abode on Caitra Śukla Aṣṭamī in the year Vilambi. This preceptor is well-known as Sadāśiva Bodheśvara, author of Puṇyaślokamañjarī and attained siddhi in Rāmeśvaram.

अथोत्तरपिनाकिनीतटभवः स बोधेश्वरः
सुतश्चिरुतचिक्कणाध्वरिवरस्य भक्तो हरेः।
अभूत् किल जगद्गुरुर्नियमिचन्द्रचूडाज्ञया
सदाशिवपदावहश्चर(२६)समाः प्रवीरार्चितः॥१॥
स सेतुम् अधिजग्मिवान् अधिपवित्ररामेश्वरं
श्रितः पदम् अनश्वरं च प्रतिविलम्बिचैत्राष्टमि।
दधत्परमयुक्छिवं निजपदे प्रतिष्ठापितं
शिवाय बहुले नृणां सुबहुलाय पक्षे मुनिम्॥२॥
—पुण्यश्लोकमञ्जरी

Details

पञ्च-पर्व-पूजा (अष्टमी)

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Aṣṭamī tithi of every (lunar) month (Āśvinaḥ/paraviddha).

Details

शिवराजो मृतः #३४३

Event occured on 1680-04-13 (gregorian). Julian date was converted to Gregorian in this reckoning.

Friday or Saturday, day or hours before hanuman jayanti. Chatrapati died at Raigad.

Reactions

Even Samartha Ramadas is said to have toned down hanuman jayanti celebrations on the next day.

Contemporary muslim chroniclers like Muhammad Saqi Khan and Khafi Khan declared that he will go to hell. Even Cosme da Guarda, his admirer, declared that as a pagan he will go to hell.

Details