2024-07-22

(चि॰)

आषाढः-04-16 ,मकरः-श्रवणः🌛🌌 , कर्कटः-पुष्यः-04-07🌞🌌 , नभः-05-01🌞🪐 , सोमः

  • Indian civil date: 1946-04-31, Islamic: 1446-01-15 Al-Muḥarram, 🌌🌞: सं- कर्कटः, तं- आडि, म- कर्क्कटकं, प- साओण, अ- शाओण
  • संवत्सरः - क्रोधी
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1946, विक्रमाब्दः 2081, कलियुगे 5125
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — वर्षऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः आषाढः (≈शुचिः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — कृष्ण-प्रथमा►13:12; कृष्ण-द्वितीया►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — श्रवणः►22:19; श्रविष्ठा► (मकरः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — पुष्यः►
    • राशि-मासः — आषाढः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — प्रीतिः►17:54; आयुष्मान्►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — कौलवम्►13:12; तैतिलम्►23:49; गरजा►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—मिथुनम्
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - मङ्गलः (58.91° → 59.17°), शुक्रः (-12.99° → -13.27°), शनिः (130.68° → 131.68°), बुधः (-26.92° → -26.90°), गुरुः (47.17° → 47.93°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — वृषभः►. मङ्गल — वृषभः►. शुक्र — कर्कटः►. बुध — सिंहः►. राहु — मीनः►. केतु — कन्या►.

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—05:55-12:15🌞-18:34🌇
⬇ ⬆ ⬇
चन्द्रः ⬇06:31 ⬆19:34
शनिः ⬇09:22 ⬆21:28
गुरुः ⬇15:12 ⬆02:27*
मङ्गलः ⬇14:21 ⬆01:41*
शुक्रः ⬆06:52 ⬇19:25
बुधः ⬆07:51 ⬇20:14
राहुः ⬇10:48 ⬆22:38
केतुः ⬆10:48 ⬇22:38
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—05:55-07:30; साङ्गवः—09:05-10:40; मध्याह्नः—12:15-13:50; अपराह्णः—15:25-17:00; सायाह्नः—18:34-20:00
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—05:55-06:46; प्रातः-मु॰2—06:46-07:36; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:18-10:08; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—11:50-12:40; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:21-15:12; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:53-17:44; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:44-18:34
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:25-05:10; मध्यरात्रिः—23:07-01:23
  • राहुकालः—07:30-09:05; यमघण्टः—10:40-12:15; गुलिककालः—13:50-15:25
  • शूलम्—प्राची (►09:18); परिहारः–दधि

उत्सवाः

  • अनध्यायः, अनध्यायः, अनध्यायः, अशून्यशयन-व्रतम्, चातुर्मास्य-द्वितीया, नभो-मासः/वर्षऋतुः, पार्वण-प्रायश्चित्तावकाशः पौर्णमास्याम्, पूर्ण-स्थालीपाकः, पूर्णमासेष्टिः, श्रवण-व्रतम्, सायन-विष्णुपदी-पुण्यकालः, सायन-सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः, सोमश्रावणी-योगः

अनध्यायः

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Prathamā tithi of every (lunar) month (Sāṅgavaḥ/paraviddha).

Anadhyayana on account of prathamā. Several tithis in a month are nitya-anadhyayana days, including prathamā, aṣṭamī, chaturdaśī, amāvāsyā and pūrṇimā. Manu has said that performing adhyayana on these days destroys the Guru (Amavasya), Shishya (Chaturdashi) and the vīrya of the brahma (vēda) itself (Ashtami/Purnima). Similarly, Jabali Rishi has said that Adhyayana on prathama hurts the buddhi while adhyayana on chaturdaśī hurts the brahma (vēda) itself! Interestingly, Lord Hanuman also remarks while describing the condition of Sita Devi to the rest of the vanaras and Rkshas that she was frail by nature, had further grown emaciated, owing to separation from her beloved Shri Rama, much like the vidyā of a scholar continuing his studies on a pratipat!

हारीतः—
प्रतिपत्सु चतुर्दश्यामष्टम्यां पर्वणोर्द्वयोः।
श्वोऽनध्यायेऽद्य शर्वर्यां नाधीयीत कदाचन॥
मनुः—
अमावास्या गुरुं हन्ति शिष्यं हन्ति चतुर्दशी।
ब्रह्माष्टकापौर्णमास्यस्तस्मात्ताः परिवर्जयेत्॥
जाबालिः—
नाधीयीत नरो नित्यमादावन्ते च पक्षयोः।
आदौ च हीयते बुद्धिरन्ते च ब्रह्म हीयते॥
पक्षादिः प्रतिपत्, पक्षान्तः चतुर्दशी॥
तथा रामायणे हनुमद्वचनम्—
सा प्रकृत्यैव तन्वङ्गी तद्वियोगाच्च कर्शिता।
प्रतिपत्पाठशीलस्य विद्येव तनुतां गता॥५-५९-३१॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 148
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

अनध्यायः

On the kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa-dvitīyā days in the months of āṣāḍha, kārtika and phālguna, one must not perform adhyayana.

हारीतः—
श्वोऽनध्यायेऽद्य शर्वर्यां नाधीयीत कदाचन।
चातुर्मास्यद्वितीयासु वेदाध्यायं विवर्जयेत्॥
आषाढकार्तिकफाल्गुनकृष्णद्वितीयाश्चातुर्मास्यद्वितीयाः॥
गौतमोऽपि—
कार्तिकी फाल्गुन्याषाढी पौर्णमासीति तिस्रोऽष्टकास्त्रिरात्रमिति॥
उक्तपौर्णमासीरारभ्य त्रिरात्रम्।

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 163
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana during the day and night, owing to saṅkramaṇa during daytime. When saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next day (daylight time) are anadhyayana. If saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next nights are anadhyayana.

कालादर्शे—
पूर्वश्चोर्ध्वमनध्यायमहः सङ्क्रमणे निशि।
दिवा पूर्वोत्तरा रात्रिरिति वेदविदो विदुः॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 162
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

अशून्यशयन-व्रतम्

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Dvitīyā tithi of Āṣāḍhaḥ (lunar) month (Chandrōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Lord Mahavishnu sleeps with Goddess Mahalakshmi on this day. Do Puja by placing the God/Goddess on a new bed with pillow/blanket. Do danam of same after puja.

लक्ष्म्या वियुज्यते देव न कदाचित् यतो भवान्।
तथा कलत्रसम्बन्धो देव मा मे वियुज्यताम्॥

Details

चातुर्मास्य-द्वितीया

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Dvitīyā tithi of Āṣāḍhaḥ (lunar) month (Aparāhṇaḥ/vyaapti).

Shraaddha dinam. Three dvitīyā tithis, in āṣāḍha, kārttika and phālguna are known as chāturmāsya-dvitīyā. These are anadhyayana days.

आषाढकृष्णद्वितीया चातुर्मास्यद्वितीया। सा परविद्धा ग्राह्या। युग्माग्निवाक्यात्।
शुचावूर्जे तपस्ये च या द्वितीया विधुक्षये।
चातुर्मास्यद्वितीयास्ताः प्रवदन्ति महर्षयः॥ इति।
(स्मृतिमुक्तफले) हारीतः—
चातुर्मास्यद्वितीयासु वेदाध्यायं विवर्जयेत्॥
कार्तिकी फाल्गुन्याषाढी पौर्णमासीति तिस्रोऽष्टकास्त्रिरात्रमिति॥
उक्तपौर्णमासीरारभ्य त्रिरात्रम्।

Details

नभो-मासः/वर्षऋतुः

  • 13:14→

Beginning of nabhō-māsaḥ, marked by the transit of Sun into the 5th division of the tropical zodiac. Also marks the beginning of varṣar̥tuḥ. While nirayana saṅkrānti’s are widely observed, tropical saṅkrānti’s are also equally sacred, and have similar puṇyakālas associated with them.

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)

मधुश्च माधवश्च वासन्तिकावृतू
शुक्रश्च शुचिश्च ग्रैष्मावृतू
नभश्च नभस्यश्च वार्‌षिकावृतू
इषश्चोर्जश्च शारदावृतू
सहश्च सहस्यश्च हैमन्तिकावृतू
तपश्च तपस्यश्च शैशिरावृतू
—तैत्तिरीय-संहितायां ४-४-११

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: SunSankranti CommonFestivals

पार्वण-प्रायश्चित्तावकाशः पौर्णमास्याम्

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Prathamā tithi of every (lunar) month (Pūrvāhṇaḥ/puurvaviddha).

‘पर्वणि वा तिलभक्ष उपोष्य वा श्वोभूत उदकमुपस्पृश्य सावित्रीं प्राणायामशः सहस्रकृत्व आवर्तयेद् अप्राणायामशो वा’ इत्यापस्तम्बधर्मसूत्रेषु।

Details

पूर्णमासेष्टिः

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Prathamā tithi of every (lunar) month (Pūrvāhṇaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Details

सायन-सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः

  • 12:15→18:34

When the transit of the Sun (saṅkrānti) happens in the second half of the day (aparāhṇa) and before midnight, the second half of the day form a puṇyakāla for various observances. In addition to 16 ghatikas on either side of the transition, and specific puṇyakālas like ṣaḍaśīti, viṣṇupadī etc., this is also useful, especially in cases where the other puṇyakālas are inconvenient for appropriate performance of rituals such as snāna, dāna, tarpaṇa, etc.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In the Pulastya Siddhanta, the anushthanas which are to be performed in this sayana punya kala just like nirayana are explicitly stated: snāna, dāna, japa, śrāddha, vrata, hōma, etc. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।
अयनांश-संस्कृतो भानुः नाले चरति सर्वदा।
अमुख्या राशिसङ्क्रान्तिः तुल्यः कालविधिस्तयोः।
स्नान-दान-जप-श्राद्ध-व्रत-होमादि-कर्मभिः।
सुकृतं चल-सङ्क्रान्तौ अक्षयं पुरुषोऽश्नुते॥

Details

सायन-विष्णुपदी-पुण्यकालः

  • 06:50→18:34

sāyana-viṣṇupadī-puṇyakāla. For viṣṇupadī-puṇyakāla, the 16 ghatikas preceding and succeeding the saṅkramaṇa form a puṇyakāla; in general, the ghatikas closer to the puṇyakāla are even more sacred.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In the Pulastya Siddhanta, the anushthanas which are to be performed in this sayana punya kala just like nirayana are explicitly stated: snāna, dāna, japa, śrāddha, vrata, hōma, etc. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
पुण्यायां विष्णुपद्यां च प्राक् पश्चादपि षोडशः॥
या याः सन्निहिता नाड्यस्तास्ताः पुण्यतमाः स्मृताः॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।
अयनांश-संस्कृतो भानुः नाले चरति सर्वदा।
अमुख्या राशिसङ्क्रान्तिः तुल्यः कालविधिस्तयोः।
स्नान-दान-जप-श्राद्ध-व्रत-होमादि-कर्मभिः।
सुकृतं चल-सङ्क्रान्तौ अक्षयं पुरुषोऽश्नुते॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: SunSankranti CommonFestivals

सोमश्रावणी-योगः

When Shravana nakshatra falls on a Monday, it is a special yōgaḥ. In the cyclic rotation of time, along with the bad combinations of grahas and nakshatras that indicate the probability of upcoming difficulties, good combinations that grant benefits in multiples also arise. Among such good combinations are the Amrita Siddhi yogas of certain weekdays and nakshatras. They are Sunday-Hasta, Monday-Mrigashirsha, Tuesday-Ashvini, Wednesday-Anuradha, Thursday-Pushya, Friday-Revati, Saturday-Rohini. Good deeds performed on such yogas become especially strong in protecting and nourishing us. For instance, in Devi Atharvashirsha, it is said bhaumāśvinyāṁ mahādevī-sannidhau japtvā mahāmr̥tyuṁ tarati, that is, one can cross even mahāmr̥tyu by doing parayanam when Tuesday and Ashvini join.

आदित्यहस्ते गुरुपुष्ययोगे बुधानुराधा शनिरोहिणी च।
सोमे च सौम्यं भृगुरेवती च भौमाश्विनी चामृतसिद्धियोगाः॥

Details

पूर्ण-स्थालीपाकः

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Prathamā tithi of every (lunar) month (Pūrvāhṇaḥ/puurvaviddha). sthālīpakaḥ is an important fortnightly ritual, involving the offering of haviṣyānna to agni, with the offering being cooked on the fire itself.

Details

श्रवण-व्रतम्

Observed on every occurrence of Śravaṇaḥ nakshatra (Sāṅgavaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Details