2024-08-16

(चि॰)

श्रावणः-05-11 ,धनुः-मूला🌛🌌 , कर्कटः-आश्रेषा-04-32🌞🌌 , नभः-05-26🌞🪐 , शुक्रः

  • Indian civil date: 1946-05-25, Islamic: 1446-02-10 Ṣafar, 🌌🌞: सं- कर्कटः, तं- आडि, म- कर्क्कटकं, प- साओण, अ- शाओण
  • संवत्सरः - क्रोधी
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1946, विक्रमाब्दः 2081, कलियुगे 5125
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — वर्षऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — वर्षऋतुः श्रावणः (≈नभः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — शुक्ल-एकादशी►09:40; शुक्ल-द्वादशी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — मूला►12:41; पूर्वाषाढा► (धनुः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — आश्रेषा►19:16; मघा►
    • राशि-मासः — आषाढः►19:16; श्रावणः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — विष्कम्भः►13:07; प्रीतिः►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — भद्रा►09:40; बवम्►20:58; बालवम्►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—वृषभः
  • 🌞-🪐 मूढग्रहाः - बुधः (-5.54° → -3.75°)
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - शुक्रः (-19.76° → -20.02°), मङ्गलः (66.08° → 66.39°), गुरुः (66.77° → 67.58°), शनिः (155.93° → 156.96°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — वृषभः►. मङ्गल — वृषभः►. शुक्र — सिंहः►. बुध — सिंहः►. राहु — मीनः►. केतु — कन्या►.

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—06:00-12:13🌞-18:25🌇
⬇ ⬆ ⬇
चन्द्रः ⬆15:30 ⬇03:12*
शनिः ⬇07:39 ⬆19:46
गुरुः ⬇13:53 ⬆01:07*
मङ्गलः ⬇13:57 ⬆01:11*
शुक्रः ⬆07:22 ⬇19:34
बुधः ⬆06:23 ⬇18:42
राहुः ⬇09:04 ⬆20:55
केतुः ⬆09:04 ⬇20:55
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—06:00-07:33; साङ्गवः—09:06-10:39; मध्याह्नः—12:13-13:46; अपराह्णः—15:19-16:52; सायाह्नः—18:25-19:52
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—06:00-06:49; प्रातः-मु॰2—06:49-07:39; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:19-10:08; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—11:48-12:37; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:17-15:07; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:46-17:36; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:36-18:25
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:27-05:14; मध्यरात्रिः—23:03-01:22
  • राहुकालः—10:39-12:13; यमघण्टः—15:19-16:52; गुलिककालः—07:33-09:06
  • शूलम्—प्रतीची (►10:58); परिहारः–गुडम्

उत्सवाः

  • direct-action-day-हत्याः #७८, अनध्यायः, आडि-वॆळ्ळिक्किऴमै, वरलक्ष्मी-व्रतम्, सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः, सर्व-पवित्रोपान-एकादशी, सिंह-रवि-सङ्क्रमण-विष्णुपदी-पुण्यकालः

आडि-वॆळ्ळिक्किऴमै

Very widely celebrated in Tamil Nadu temples, Fridays in the month of āḍi are special for propitiating Shakti Devi.

Details

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana during the day/night, as it precedes saṅkramaṇa tonight. When saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next day (daylight time) are anadhyayana. If saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next nights are anadhyayana.

कालादर्शे—
पूर्वश्चोर्ध्वमनध्यायमहः सङ्क्रमणे निशि।
दिवा पूर्वोत्तरा रात्रिरिति वेदविदो विदुः॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 162
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

direct-action-day-हत्याः #७८

Event occured on 1946-08-16 (gregorian).

Direct Action Day, a Ramzaan Friday, was a day of nationwide protest by the Indian Muslim community announced by Jinnah. The day also marked the start of what is known as The Week of the Long Knives aka 1946 Calcutta Killings. More than 4k people lost their lives, 11k were seriously injured and 100k residents were left homeless in Calcutta within 72 hours.

Context

The Muslim League were demanding a separate independent states since their 1940 Lahore resolution. In 1946, they’d agreed to a three-tier structure: a centre, groups of provinces, and provinces. In July 1946, it withdrew its agreement to the plan and announced a general strike (hartal) on 16 August.

By 1940, Muslim League “volunteer corps” / private army had 4154 members according to a British report. Since the 11–14 February 1946 riots in Calcutta, communal tension had been high. Following Jinnah’s declaration the Muslim League government announced a general holiday - despite Congress protests. On 14 August, Kiron Shankar Roy called on Hindu shopkeepers to keep their businesses open. Muslim newspapers (eg Star of India) published the programme for the day detailing procession routes. Muslim League branches were advised to depute three workers in every mosque in every ward to explain the League’s action plan before Juma prayers - with clear comparisons to Prophet Muhammad’s conquest of Mecca and establishment of the kingdom of Heaven in Arabia.

On the day, Muslim crowds (30-50k by 4PM) gathered at a maidAn. During Suhrawardy’s speech, he said that the military and police were restrained (though police did not receive any such order). Prominent Muslim League leaders (including Suhrawardy) later spent a great deal of time in police control rooms directing operations and obstructing police duties - but the British Governor did not stop them.

Attacks on Hindus started right after the meeting, and by 5:30PM, men could be seen carrying loot. Trucks came in carrying Muslim gangsters with brickbats and bottles. A 6 pm curfew was imposed in the parts of the city. Besides significant participation from butchers, dock-workers, masons and mill-workers, mob frenzy was directed by criminals such as ‘Bombaiya’ of New Market and Munna Choudhuri in the Harrison Road. Ambulences were mobilized and petrol couplons issued in the names of minsters were used.

Noted Hindu toughmen, Gopal Patha (a goat butcher) and Jugal Chandra Ghosh (who ran an akhAra) soon raised teams of vigilantes, plus reward money and carried out defence and retaliatory attacks (Beliaghata area and the Miabagan basti).

Worst of the killings happened on 17th August. Especially, Syed Abdullah Farooqui - workers union leader and Elian Mistry led a huge armed mob to Kesoram Cotton Mills and slaughtered workers. By late afternoon, soldiers were called in. On 21 August, Bengal was put under Viceroy’s rule.

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सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः

  • 12:13→18:25

When the transit of the Sun (saṅkrānti) happens in the second half of the day (aparāhṇa) and before midnight, the second half of the day form a puṇyakāla for various observances. In addition to 16 ghatikas on either side of the transition, and specific puṇyakālas like ṣaḍaśīti, viṣṇupadī etc., this is also useful, especially in cases where the other puṇyakālas are inconvenient for appropriate performance of rituals such as snāna, dāna, tarpaṇa, etc.

Details

सर्व-पवित्रोपान-एकादशी

The Shukla-paksha Ekadashi of śravaṇa month is known as pavitrōpāna-ēkādaśī.

पक्षे पक्षे च कर्तव्यमेकादश्यामुपोषणम्।
यदीच्छेद्विष्णुसायुज्यं श्रियं सन्ततिमात्मनः।
एकादश्यां न भुञ्जीत पक्षयोरुभयोरपि॥

अद्य स्थित्वा निराहारः श्वोभूते परमेश्वर।
भोक्ष्यामि पुण्डरीकाक्ष शरणं मे भवाच्युत॥
प्रमादादथवाऽऽलस्याद्धरे केशव माधव।
व्रतस्यास्य च वै विघ्नो न भवेत्त्वत्प्रसादतः॥
–पद्मपुराणे

Details

सिंह-रवि-सङ्क्रमण-विष्णुपदी-पुण्यकालः

  • 12:52→18:25

Siṃha-Ravi-Saṅkramaṇa-Viṣṇupadī Punyakala. For viṣṇupadī-puṇyakāla like siṁha-saṅkramaṇa, the 16 ghatikas preceding and succeeding the saṅkramaṇa form a puṇyakāla; in general, the ghatikas closer to the puṇyakāla are even more sacred.

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
षडशीत्यां तु यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं विषुवद्वये।
दृश्यते सागरस्यान्तस्तस्यान्तो नैव दृश्यते॥
ससुवर्णं मञ्चदानं सिंहे च विहितं सदा॥
—स्मृतिकौस्तुभे
पुण्यायां विष्णुपद्यां च प्राक् पश्चादपि षोडशः॥
या याः सन्निहिता नाड्यस्तास्ताः पुण्यतमाः स्मृताः॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: SunSankranti CommonFestivals

वरलक्ष्मी-व्रतम्

Varalakshmi Vratam. Perform puja of (Vara)Mahalakshmi.

Details