2022-08-16

श्रावणः-05-20 , मीनः-रेवती🌛🌌 , कर्कटः-आश्रेषा-04-31🌞🌌 , नभः-05-25🌞🪐 , मङ्गलः

  • Indian civil date: 1944-05-25, Islamic: 1444-01-18 Al-Muḥarram, 🌌🌞: सं- कर्कटः, तं- आडि, म- कर्क्कटकं, प- साओण, अ- शाओण
  • संवत्सरः - शुभकृत्
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1944, विक्रमाब्दः 2079, कलियुगे 5123
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — वर्षऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — वर्षऋतुः श्रावणः

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — कृष्ण-पञ्चमी►20:17; कृष्ण-षष्ठी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — रेवती►21:04; अश्विनी► (मेषः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — आश्रेषा►
    • राशि-मासः — आषाढः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — शूलः►21:44; गण्डः►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — कौलवः►08:33; तैतिलः►20:17; गरः►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—कन्या
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - गुरुः (134.98° → 136.00°), मङ्गलः (85.71° → 86.08°), बुधः (-24.77° → -25.16°), शनैश्चरः (-178.64° → -177.60°), शुक्रः (17.95° → 17.69°)

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅सूर्योदयः—06:11-12:23🌞️-18:36🌇
  • 🌛चन्द्रास्तमयः—09:54; चन्द्रोदयः—22:01
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—06:11-07:44; साङ्गवः—09:17-10:50; मध्याह्नः—12:23-13:57; अपराह्णः—15:30-17:03; सायाह्नः—18:36-20:03
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—06:11-07:00; प्रातः-मु॰2—07:00-07:50; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:29-10:19; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—11:59-12:48; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:28-15:17; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:57-17:47; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:47-18:36
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:38-05:24; मध्यरात्रिः—23:14-01:33
  • राहुकालः—15:30-17:03; यमघण्टः—09:17-10:50; गुलिककालः—12:23-13:57
  • शूलम्—उदीची (►11:09); परिहारः–क्षीरम्

उत्सवाः

  • direct-action-day-हत्याः #७६, रक्षा-पञ्चमी, सायन-व्यतीपातः

direct-action-day-हत्याः #७६

Event occured on 1946-08-16 (gregorian).

Direct Action Day, a Ramzaan Friday, was a day of nationwide protest by the Indian Muslim community announced by Jinnah. The day also marked the start of what is known as The Week of the Long Knives aka 1946 Calcutta Killings. More than 4k people lost their lives, 11k were seriously injured and 100k residents were left homeless in Calcutta within 72 hours.

Context

The Muslim League were demanding a separate independent states since their 1940 Lahore resolution. In 1946, they’d agreed to a three-tier structure: a centre, groups of provinces, and provinces. In July 1946, it withdrew its agreement to the plan and announced a general strike (hartal) on 16 August.

By 1940, Muslim League “volunteer corps” / private army had 4154 members according to a British report. Since the 11–14 February 1946 riots in Calcutta, communal tension had been high. Following Jinnah’s declaration the Muslim League government announced a general holiday - despite Congress protests. On 14 August, Kiron Shankar Roy called on Hindu shopkeepers to keep their businesses open. Muslim newspapers (eg Star of India) published the programme for the day detailing procession routes. Muslim League branches were advised to depute three workers in every mosque in every ward to explain the League’s action plan before Juma prayers - with clear comparisons to Prophet Muhammad’s conquest of Mecca and establishment of the kingdom of Heaven in Arabia.

On the day, Muslim crowds (30-50k by 4PM) gathered at a maidAn. During Suhrawardy’s speech, he said that the military and police were restrained (though police did not receive any such order). Prominent Muslim League leaders (including Suhrawardy) later spent a great deal of time in police control rooms directing operations and obstructing police duties - but the British Governor did not stop them.

Attacks on Hindus started right after the meeting, and by 5:30PM, men could be seen carrying loot. Trucks came in carrying Muslim gangsters with brickbats and bottles. A 6 pm curfew was imposed in the parts of the city. Besides significant participation from butchers, dock-workers, masons and mill-workers, mob frenzy was directed by criminals such as ‘Bombaiya’ of New Market and Munna Choudhuri in the Harrison Road. Ambulences were mobilized and petrol couplons issued in the names of minsters were used.

Noted Hindu toughmen, Gopal Patha (a goat butcher) and Jugal Chandra Ghosh (who ran an akhAra) soon raised teams of vigilantes, plus reward money and carried out defence and retaliatory attacks (Beliaghata area and the Miabagan basti).

Worst of the killings happened on 17th August. Especially, Syed Abdullah Farooqui - workers union leader and Elian Mistry led a huge armed mob to Kesoram Cotton Mills and slaughtered workers. By late afternoon, soldiers were called in. On 21 August, Bengal was put under Viceroy’s rule.

Details

रक्षा-पञ्चमी

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Pañcamī tithi of Śrāvaṇaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Naga (Manasa) Puja

Details

सायन-व्यतीपातः

  • 18:57→

When the sum of the longitudes of the Moon and Sun is 180, it is sāyana-vyatīpātaḥ, and a yōgaḥ that is to be excluded for auspicious activities.

Details