2024-01-14

(चि॰)

पौषः-10-03 ,कुम्भः-श्रविष्ठा🌛🌌 , धनुः-उत्तराषाढा-09-30🌞🌌 , सहस्यः-10-24🌞🪐 , भानुः

  • Indian civil date: 1945-10-24, Islamic: 1445-07-03 Rajab, 🌌🌞: सं- धनुः, तं- मार्गऴि, म- धनु, प- पोह, अ- पोह
  • संवत्सरः - शोभनः
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1945, विक्रमाब्दः 2080, कलियुगे 5124
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — हेमन्तऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — हेमन्तऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — हेमन्तऋतुः पौषः (≈सहस्यः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — शुक्ल-तृतीया►08:00; शुक्ल-चतुर्थी►28:59!; शुक्ल-पञ्चमी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — श्रविष्ठा►10:20; शतभिषक्► (कुम्भः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — उत्तराषाढा►
    • राशि-मासः — मार्गशीर्षः►26:21!; पौषः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — व्यतीपातः►26:36!; वरीयान्►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — गरजा►08:00; वणिजा►18:28; भद्रा►28:59!; बवम्►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—कर्कटः
  • 🌞-🪐 मूढग्रहाः - मङ्गलः (16.30° → 16.56°)
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - शनिः (-41.14° → -40.23°), बुधः (23.41° → 23.33°), शुक्रः (34.79° → 34.58°), गुरुः (-102.57° → -101.60°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — मेषः►. मङ्गल — धनुः►. शुक्र — वृश्चिकः►. बुध — धनुः►. राहु — मीनः►. केतु — कन्या►.

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—06:49-12:28🌞-18:07🌇
⬇ ⬆ ⬇
चन्द्रः ⬆09:06 ⬇21:13
शनिः ⬆09:21 ⬇21:01
गुरुः ⬆12:48 ⬇01:11*
मङ्गलः ⬇16:55 ⬆05:40*
शुक्रः ⬇15:35 ⬆04:21*
बुधः ⬇16:24 ⬆05:11*
राहुः ⬆11:53 ⬇00:06*
केतुः ⬇11:53 ⬆00:06*
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—06:49-08:14; साङ्गवः—09:38-11:03; मध्याह्नः—12:28-13:53; अपराह्णः—15:18-16:42; सायाह्नः—18:07-19:42
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—06:49-07:34; प्रातः-मु॰2—07:34-08:19; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:50-10:35; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—12:05-12:51; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:21-15:06; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:37-17:22; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:22-18:07
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—05:07-05:58; मध्यरात्रिः—23:12-01:44
  • राहुकालः—16:42-18:07; यमघण्टः—12:28-13:53; गुलिककालः—15:18-16:42
  • शूलम्—प्रतीची (►11:20); परिहारः–गुडम्

उत्सवाः

  • अनध्यायः, गोलाकान्दैल-हत्या #६०, दिनक्षयः, धनुर्मास-उषःकाल-पूजा-समापनम्, पातार्क-योगः, पानीयपथे पराजितिर् हिन्दुकानाम् #२६३, भोगि, महाधनुर्व्यतीपात-श्राद्धम्, महाधनुर्व्यतीपात-स्नानम्, शुक्ल-चतुर्थी-व्रतम्

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana during the day/night, as it precedes saṅkramaṇa tonight. When saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next day (daylight time) are anadhyayana. If saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next nights are anadhyayana.

कालादर्शे—
पूर्वश्चोर्ध्वमनध्यायमहः सङ्क्रमणे निशि।
दिवा पूर्वोत्तरा रात्रिरिति वेदविदो विदुः॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 162
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

भोगि

Details

धनुर्मास-उषःकाल-पूजा-समापनम्

Beginning of Dhanurmasa puja in temples and at homes. A very early morning puja is performed, typically with mudgānnam as naivedyam. Begets fruit equivalent to performing puja for a thousand years! The two ayana-s of the Sun are night and day for the Devas. 30 of these days become a month. The uṣahkāla of their day starts in chāpamāsa i.e. dhanurmāsa (although the shloka refers to the sidereal month, it appears logical to use the tropical month, owing to its association with uttarāyaṇam). Therefore, one must strive to perform uṣahkāla-pujā in this month, before sunrise — a ṣōḍaśōpachāra-pūjā. Following this, one must perform Sandhyavandam and upasthanam! The Shivapurana also extols the uniqueness of the early morning puja in this month, suggesting that one must perform rudrābhiṣeka.

अयनं दक्षिणं रात्रिरुत्तरं तु दिवा भवेत्।
दैवतं तदहोरात्रं तत् त्रिंशन्मास उच्यते॥
तद्दिनस्य उषःकालं चापमासं विदुर्बुधाः।
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन चापमासे दिने दिने॥
उषःकाले तु सम्प्राप्ते बोधयित्वा जनार्दनम्।
समभ्यर्च्य भजेद्विष्णुं जनानां दोषशान्तये॥
उषःकाले तु सम्प्राप्ते अर्चयित्वा जनार्दनम्।
उपचारैः षोडशभिर्मुद्गान्नं च निवेदयेत्॥
उषःकाले तु सम्प्राप्ते प्रत्यूषे स्नानमाचरेत्।
अर्चयेच्च जगन्नाथं यावत्सूर्योदयात्पुरा॥
ततः प्रभातसमये अर्घ्यं प्रक्षिप्य वै द्विजः।
गायत्रीं च ततो जप्त्वा उपतिष्ठेत भास्करम्॥
चापराशौ स्थिते सूर्ये उषःकाले दिने दिने।
अभिषेकं ततः कुर्याद्रौद्रमन्त्रेण रुद्रवित्॥
अर्कपुष्पैश्च बिल्वैश्च पूजयेच्च महेश्वरम्।
नैवेद्यं च ततः कुर्यात् लोकसंहार शान्तये॥
कोदण्डस्थे सवितरि प्रत्यूषे पूजयेद्धरेः।
सहस्राब्दार्चनफलं दिनेनैकेन लभ्यते॥

Details

दिनक्षयः

A day within which two consecutive tithis end is called dinakṣaya. On such days, dāna, japa, snāna, hōma yield many-fold puṇya. Such days are also good to propitiate the pitr̥-s, and for performing parāyaṇam of dhruvacharitam from śrīmadbhāgavatam etc.

स्मृतिमुक्ताफले वर्णाश्रमधर्मकाण्डे
व्यतीपाते वैधृतौ च दत्तमक्षयकृद् भवेत्।
द्वौ तिथ्यन्तावेकवारे यस्मिन् स स्याद् दिनक्षयः॥
तस्मिन् दानं जपो होमः स्नानं चैव फलप्रदम्॥
अयने विषुवे चैव व्यतीपाते दिनक्षये।
चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहे चैव दत्तं भवति चाक्षयम्॥

शतमिन्दुक्षये दानं सहस्रं तु दिनक्षये।
विषुवे दशसाहस्रं व्यतीपाते त्वनन्तकम्॥
दर्शे शतगुणं दानं तच्छतघ्नं दिनक्षये।

ध्रुवचरित-पारायणम्/श्रवणम्
प्रयतः कीर्तयेत् प्रातः समवाये द्विजन्मनाम्।
सायं च पुण्यश्लोकस्य ध्रुवस्य चरितं महत्॥४८॥
पौर्णमास्यां सिनीवाल्यां द्वादश्यां श्रवणेऽथवा।
दिनक्षये व्यतीपाते सङ्क्रमेऽर्कदिनेऽपि वा॥४९॥
श्रावयेच्छ्रद्दधानानां तीर्थपादपदाश्रयः।
नेच्छंस्तत्रात्मनात्मानं सन्तुष्ट इति सिध्यति॥५०॥
—श्रीमद्भागवते ४-१२

कुर्यादपरपक्षीयं मासि प्रौष्ठपदे द्विजः।
श्राद्धं पित्रोर्यथावित्तं तद्बन्धूनां च वित्तवान्॥१९॥
अयने विषुवे कुर्याद् व्यतीपाते दिनक्षये।
…
त एते श्रेयसः काला नृणां श्रेयोविवर्धनाः।
कुर्यात्सर्वात्मनैतेषु श्रेयोऽमोघं तदायुषः॥२४॥
एषु स्‍नानं जपो होमो व्रतं देवद्विजार्चनम्।
पितृदेवनृभूतेभ्यो यद्दत्तं तद्ध्यनश्वरम्॥२५॥
—श्रीमद्भागवते ७-१४

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam Varnashrama Dharma Kanda
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: RareDays

गोलाकान्दैल-हत्या #६०

Event occured on 1964-01-14 (gregorian).

Poush Parbon (Makar Sankranti), 20k Bengali Hindus had come to Golakandail to attend a Fair. Mill workers armed and roused by a mill GM Karim killed 5k to 6k Hindus on that day. This was part of the infamous 1964 East Pakistan anti-Hindu genocide. (Source -Report submitted to the Indian Commission of Jurists by its committee of enquiry)

Details

महाधनुर्व्यतीपात-स्नानम्

Observed on Vyatīpātaḥ yoga of Dhanuḥ (sidereal solar) month (Prāktanāruṇōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Special snānam on account of mahādhanurvyatīpātam. snānam on any vyatīpata day gives mahāpuṇyam, more so in dhanurmāsa.

पुष्ये च जन्मनक्षत्रे व्यतीपाते च वैधृतौ।
अमायां च नदीस्नानं पुनात्यासप्तमं कुलम्॥
व्यतीपात महाबाहो सर्वपापप्रणाशन।
सहस्रबाहो विश्वात्मन् गृहाणार्घ्यं नमोऽस्तु ते॥

Details

महाधनुर्व्यतीपात-श्राद्धम्

vyatīpāta is regarded as the king of yōgas. Though it occurs 13 times every year, the occurrence in dhanurmāsa is special, and this day is special for a number of special observances, such as śivapūjā, pitr̥tarpaṇam etc. One must also give arghyam with the shloka mentioned here, and perform the usual (dhanurmāsa) naivedyam of mudgānnam. Markandeya Rishi has performed upadesham of a year-long vratam, beginning this day, including the pūja of vyatīpata-dēvatā. Puranas also narrate the story of rich merchant names Vishwasakha, who was born as a wild boar owing to denying food to a hungry vipra on Vyatipata day. Having lost half his body to a forest fire, the boar was redeemed from this plight by the Raja Haryashva, who passed by, and gave away his accrued merits from vyatīpāta-snāna-dānam. As a result of this, the wild boar attained a divine form.

व्यतीपात महाबाहो सर्वपापप्रणाशन।
सहस्रबाहो विश्वात्मन् गृहाणार्घ्यं नमोऽस्तु ते॥
अमा पातश्च सङ्क्रान्तिस्तथा वैधृतिरेव च।
अष्टकाश्चैव मन्वादिर्युगादिश्च महालयः॥
चन्द्रसूर्योपरागश्च गजच्छाया तथैव च।
द्रव्यब्राह्मणसम्पत्तिः श्राद्धकालाः प्रकीर्तिताः॥

स्मृतिमुक्ताफले वर्णाश्रमधर्मकाण्डे
अयने विषुवे चैव व्यतीपाते च दिनक्षये।
चन्द्रसूर्यग्रहे चैव दत्तं भवति चाक्षयम्॥
व्यतीपाते वैधृतौ च दत्तमक्षयकृद् भवेत्।
द्वौ तिथ्यन्तावेकवारे यस्मिन् स स्याद् दिनक्षयः॥
तस्मिन् दानं जपो होमः स्नानं चैव फलप्रदम्॥

शतमिन्दुक्षये दानं सहस्रं तु दिनक्षये।
विषुवे दशसाहस्रं व्यतीपाते त्वनन्तकम्॥
दर्शे शतगुणं दानं तच्छतघ्नं दिनक्षये।
शतघ्नं तस्य सङ्क्रान्तौ शतघ्नं विषुवे तथा॥
युगादौ तच्छतगुणमयने तच्छताहृतम्।
सोमग्रहे तच्छतघ्नं तच्छतघ्नं रविग्रहे॥
असङ्ख्येयं व्यतीपाते दानं वेदविदो विदुः।

ध्रुवचरित-पारायणम्/श्रवणम्
प्रयतः कीर्तयेत् प्रातः समवाये द्विजन्मनाम्।
सायं च पुण्यश्लोकस्य ध्रुवस्य चरितं महत्॥४८॥
पौर्णमास्यां सिनीवाल्यां द्वादश्यां श्रवणेऽथवा।
दिनक्षये व्यतीपाते सङ्क्रमेऽर्कदिनेऽपि वा॥४९॥
श्रावयेच्छ्रद्दधानानां तीर्थपादपदाश्रयः।
नेच्छंस्तत्रात्मनात्मानं सन्तुष्ट इति सिध्यति॥५०॥
—श्रीमद्भागवते ४-१२

कुर्यादपरपक्षीयं मासि प्रौष्ठपदे द्विजः।
श्राद्धं पित्रोर्यथावित्तं तद्बन्धूनां च वित्तवान्॥१९॥
अयने विषुवे कुर्याद् व्यतीपाते दिनक्षये।
त एते श्रेयसः काला नृणां श्रेयोविवर्धनाः।
कुर्यात्सर्वात्मनैतेषु श्रेयोऽमोघं तदायुषः॥२४॥
एषु स्‍नानं जपो होमो व्रतं देवद्विजार्चनम्।
पितृदेवनृभूतेभ्यो यद्दत्तं तद्ध्यनश्वरम्॥२५॥
—श्रीमद्भागवते ७-१४

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam Shraddha Kanda Uttarabhaga
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: ShraddhaDays

पानीयपथे पराजितिर् हिन्दुकानाम् #२६३

Event occured on 1761-01-14 (gregorian).

Sad anniversary of 3rd battle of pAnIpat where ahmed shAh abdAli defeated the starving, outmaneouvred, civilian heavy Maratha forces under the 31 yr old sadAshivarAv bhAu with the bold 19 year old vishvAs rAv, with cataclysmic effects accross India (including the loss of star generals and rise of Hyder ali).

Overview

Tactically - Durrani had both numeric as well as qualitative superiority over Marathas.

Strategically - Sadashivrao (unlike Malharrao Holkar or Raghunathrao) was totally ignorant of the political and military situation in North India. Ahmad Shah’s superiority in pitched battle could have been negated if the Marathas had conducted their traditional ganimi kava, or guerrilla warfare, as advised by Malharrao Holkar, in Punjab and in north India.

Context

In a series of strenuous tactical moves, Abdali and bhau tried to outmaneouvre and trap each other. Abdali succeeded upon crossing yamunA and trapping the marATha-s at pAnIpat. Facing a potential stalemate, Abdali decided to seek terms, which Bhau was willing to consider. However, Najib Khan delayed any chance of an agreement with an appeal on religious grounds and sowed doubt about whether the Marathas would honour any agreement.

Unable to continue without supplies, Bhau decided to break the siege. His plan was to pulverise the enemy formations with cannon fire and not to employ his cavalry until the Afghans were thoroughly softened up. With the Afghans broken, he would move camp in a defensive formation towards Delhi, where they were assured supplies.

Battle

The Marathas left their camp before dawn and marched south towards the Afghan camp in a desperate attempt to break the siege. The two armies came face-to-face around 8:00 a.m. Bhau, with the Peshwa’s son and the royal guard (Huzurat), was in the centre.

  • Left wing: Gardis under Ibrahim Khan.

  • Holkar and Sindhia were on the extreme right.

  • The Maratha line was formed up some 12 km across, with the artillery in front, protected by infantry, pikemen, musketeers and bowmen.

  • The cavalry was instructed to wait behind the artillery and bayonet-wielding musketeers.

  • Behind this line was another ring of 30,000 young Maratha soldiers who were not battle-tested, and then the civilians.

  • Maratha troops broke their fast with sugared water.

  • Maratha left flank under Ibrahim Khan, who advanced his infantry in formation, attacked.

  • First Afghan attack by Najib Khan’s Rohillas was broken by Maratha bowmen and pikemen, along with a unit of the famed Gardi musketeers. The second and subsequent salvos were fired at point-blank range into the Afghan ranks. 8,000 Gardi musketeers killed about 12,000 Rohillas.

  • Bhau himself led the charge against the left-of-center Afghan forces, under the Afghan Vizier Shah Wali Khan. Afghan soldiers started to desert their positions in the confusion. Shah Wali appealed to Shuja ud Daulah in vain. But, incomplete success - many of the half-starved Maratha mounts were exhausted, no heavy armoured cavalry units for the Marathas to maintain these openings. Abdali deployed his Nascibchi musketeers to gun down the deserters who finally stopped and returned to the field.

  • The Marathas, under Scindia, attacked Najib. Najib successfully defended.

  • By noon it looked as though Bhau would clinch victory at center. Ahmad Shah had watched the fortunes of the battle from his tent, guarded by the still unbroken forces on his left. He sent his bodyguards to call up his 15,000 reserve troops from his camp and arranged them as a column in front of his cavalry of musketeers (Qizilbash) and 2,000 swivel-mounted shutarnaals or Ushtranaal—cannons. Maratha cavalry was unable to withstand them.

  • Abdali pressed further troops and intensified the attack. With their own men in the firing line, the Maratha artillery could not respond to the shathurnals and the cavalry charge. Some 7,000 Maratha cavalry and infantry were killed before the hand-to-hand fighting began at around 14:00 hrs. By 16:00 hrs, the tired Maratha infantry began to succumb to the onslaught of attacks from fresh Afghan reserves, protected by armoured leather jackets.

  • Sadashiv Rao Bhau who had not kept any reserves, seeing his forward lines dwindling, civilians behind and upon seeing Vishwasrao disappear in the midst of the fighting, felt he had no choice but to come down from his elephant and lead the battle. Taking advantage of this, the Afghan soldiers who had been captured by the Marathas earlier during the Siege of Kunjpura revolted. The prisoners unwrapped their green belts and wore them as turbans to impersonate the troops of the Durrani Empire and began attacking from within. Some Maratha troops in the vanguard panicked and retreated.

  • Bhausaheb had ordered Vitthal Vinchurkar (with 1500 cavalry) and Damaji Gaikwad (with 2500 cavalry) to protect the Gardis. However, after seeing the Gardis having no clearing for directing their cannon fire at the enemy troops, they lost their patience and decided to fight the Rohillas themselves. The Rohilla riflemen mowed them down. Gardis fell next.

  • Vishwasrao had already been killed by a shot to the head. Bhau and the Huzurati royal forces fought till the end.

  • At this stage, the Holkar and Scindia contingents, realising the battle was lost, merged their forces with one contingent breaking from the Maratha right flank and escaped from the opening in the Durrani lines southwards as Jankoji Rao Scindia lead the other contingent to reinforce the thinning lines of Marathas.

Aftermath

  • The Maratha front lines remained largely intact, with some of their artillery units fighting until sunset. Choosing not to launch a night attack, many Maratha troops escaped that night. Bhau’s wife Parvatibai, who was assisting in the administration of the Maratha camp, escaped to Pune with her bodyguard, Janu Bhintada along with Nana Fadnavis under the protection of Malhar Rao Holkar’s contingent. Some 15,000 soldiers managed to reach Gwalior. Ibrahim Khan Gardi was tortured and executed by enraged Afghan soldiers.
  • Jankoji Scindia was taken prisoner and executed at the instigation of Najib.
  • Afghan cavalry and pikemen ran wild through the streets of Panipat, killing tens of thousands of Maratha soldiers and civilians. Afghan officers who had lost their kin in battle were permitted to carry out massacres of Marathas the next day also, in Panipat and the surrounding area. 40,000 Maratha prisoners were slaughtered in cold blood the day after the battle.
  • Some 22,000 women and children were driven off as slaves.
  • Marathas never fully recovered from the loss at Panipat, but they remained the predominant military power.
  • The Jats under Suraj Mal benefited significantly from not participating in the Battle of Panipat. They provided considerable assistance to the Maratha soldiers and civilians who escaped the fighting.

Revenge

By 1771, marATha-s were again in firm control of Red fort.

They rampaged and utterly destroyed the Rohillas. Najib’s corpse was shredded to pieces and tomb demolished. His son Zabita fled his family, converted to Sikhism & passed away in obscurity. His grandson was castrated & made a catamite by the Mughal Badshah (by then a marATha puppet).

Shujah-Ud-Daulah’s army was destroyed by Britishers because of lack of Maratha support & ended up becoming their pawn.

Abdali

Abdali retreated back to Afghanistan. Had Abdali not fled India, he would have to contend against Maratha army of 100,000 Warriors under Raghunathrao & Peshwa Nanasaheb, 20,000 Gardés under General De Bussy himself, 10,000 Nagpur Bargirs under Senasahebsubah Janojiraje alongwith 15,000 promised Mughal Nizam troopers!

Abdali himself died a brutal death due to his gangrenous maggot-infested nasal infection.

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पातार्क-योगः

When Vyatipata yoga falls on a Sunday, it is a special yōgaḥ, which is equal to a thousand Surya grahanas.

भानोर्वारे व्यतीपातयोगः सम्पद्यते यदि।
तदा पातार्कयोगोऽयं सहस्रार्कग्रहैः समः॥

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    • VrataNirnayaKalpavalli
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शुक्ल-चतुर्थी-व्रतम्

Observed on Śukla-Caturthī tithi of every (lunar) month (Madhyāhnaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Shukla Chaturthi Vratam for Lord Ganesha.

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