2024-03-21

(चि॰)

फाल्गुनः-12-12 ,कर्कटः-आश्रेषा🌛🌌 , मीनः-उत्तरप्रोष्ठपदा-12-08🌞🌌 , मधुः-01-02🌞🪐 , गुरुः

  • Indian civil date: 1946-01-01, Islamic: 1445-09-11 Ramaḍān, 🌌🌞: सं- मीनः, तं- पङ्गुनि, म- मीनं, प- चेत, अ- च’त
  • संवत्सरः 🌛- शोभनः, 🌌🌞- शोभनः, 🪐🌞- क्रोधी
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1945, विक्रमाब्दः 2080, कलियुगे 5124
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌌🌞- शकाब्दः 1945, विक्रमाब्दः 2080, कलियुगे 5124
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🪐🌞 - शकाब्दः 1946, विक्रमाब्दः 2081, कलियुगे 5125
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — वसन्तऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — शिशिरऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — शिशिरऋतुः फाल्गुनः (≈तपस्यः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — शुक्ल-द्वादशी►28:44!; शुक्ल-त्रयोदशी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — आश्रेषा►25:25!; मघा► (सिंहः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — उत्तरप्रोष्ठपदा►
    • राशि-मासः — फाल्गुनः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — सुकर्म►17:39; धृतिः►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — बवम्►15:32; बालवम्►28:44!; कौलवम्►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—मकरः
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - बुधः (-17.82° → -18.16°), शुक्रः (19.61° → 19.36°), गुरुः (-44.17° → -43.38°), शनिः (18.57° → 19.44°), मङ्गलः (32.42° → 32.64°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — मेषः►. मङ्गल — कुम्भः►. शुक्र — कुम्भः►. बुध — मीनः►. राहु — मीनः►. केतु — कन्या►.

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—06:26-12:26🌞-18:27🌇
⬇ ⬆ ⬇
चन्द्रः ⬆15:34 ⬇04:23*
शनिः ⬇17:10 ⬆05:21*
गुरुः ⬆08:57 ⬇21:27
मङ्गलः ⬇16:14 ⬆04:36*
शुक्रः ⬇17:08 ⬆05:21*
बुधः ⬆07:25 ⬇19:40
राहुः ⬆07:18 ⬇19:28
केतुः ⬇07:18 ⬆19:28
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—06:26-07:56; साङ्गवः—09:26-10:56; मध्याह्नः—12:26-13:56; अपराह्णः—15:27-16:57; सायाह्नः—18:27-19:57
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—06:26-07:14; प्रातः-मु॰2—07:14-08:02; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:38-10:26; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—12:02-12:50; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:26-15:15; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:51-17:39; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:39-18:27
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:50-05:38; मध्यरात्रिः—23:14-01:38
  • राहुकालः—13:56-15:27; यमघण्टः—06:26-07:56; गुलिककालः—09:26-10:56
  • शूलम्—दक्षिणा (►14:26); परिहारः–तैलम्

उत्सवाः

  • गजपतिन-लख्नौति-दुर्ग-ग्रहणम् #७७९, नरसिंह-द्वादशी, पयोव्रत-समापनम्, लखपतरायेण शिष्यहत्याः #२७८, शम्भुराजो पीडितो हतश् च #३३५, सिर्हिन्दे ऽफ़्घान-पराजयः #२६६, हरिवासरः

पयोव्रत-समापनम्

Observed on Śukla-Dvādaśī tithi of Phālgunaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

payōvratam observed by Aditi Devi ends today.

फाल्गुनस्यामले पक्षे द्वादशाहं पयोव्रतम्।
अर्चयेदरविन्दाक्षं भक्त्या परमयाऽऽन्वितः॥

Details

गजपतिन-लख्नौति-दुर्ग-ग्रहणम् #७७९

Event occured on 1245-03-21 (gregorian). Julian date was converted to Gregorian in this reckoning.

The army of Gajapati Narasimhadeva-I, having slaughtered Karimuddin Laghri’s unit at Lakhnor, beseiged and won Lakhanuti.

Context: This was the second seige by the gajapati in 14 months. Narasinhadeva had attacked Lakhnauti for 1st time in around November 1243 and had to tactically retreat till Katashin/Contai in South Bengal in April 1244 before drawing out, ambushing and routing Mamluk forces under Tughan. Hindu chiefs of South Bengal were vassalized by Narasimhadeva and had helped him in his campaign.

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हरिवासरः

  • →08:57

The first quarter of dvādaśī tithi is not suitable for breaking fast (pāraṇa), and is known as harivāsaraḥ. Break fast once harivāsaraḥ is over.

द्वादश्याः प्रथमः पादो हरिवासरसंज्ञितः।
तमतिक्रम्य कुर्वीत पारणं विष्णुतत्परः॥

अज्ञानतिमिरान्धस्य व्रतेनानेन केशव।
प्रसीद सुमुखो नाथ ज्ञानदृष्टिप्रदो भव॥

असम्भाष्यांस्तु सम्भाष्य तुलस्यतसिकादलम्।
द्वादश्यामच्युतफलम् आगस्त्यं पत्रमेव वा।
आमलक्याः फलं वापि पारणे प्राश्य शुद्ध्यति॥

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लखपतरायेण शिष्यहत्याः #२७८

Event occured on 1746-03-21 (gregorian). Julian date was converted to Gregorian in this reckoning.

ChoTTa ghallUghAra massacre of sikhs began on 3 Jeth 1746 with the rounding up and massacre of Sikh inhabitants of Lahore. An estimated 7,000 Sikhs were massacred in total.

The operation was planned and executed by Lakhpat Rai, who was a Revenue Minister in the Court of Lahore to avenge the killing of his brother, Jaspat Rai, a military commander by the Sikhs earlier in the same year.

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नरसिंह-द्वादशी

Observed on Śukla-Dvādaśī tithi of Phālgunaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Details

शम्भुराजो पीडितो हतश् च #३३५

Event occured on 1689-03-21 (gregorian). Julian date was converted to Gregorian in this reckoning.

sambhAji mahArAj, aged 32, was brutally tortured and killed by awrangzeb at tulApur (where his grandfather shAhAjI had done the tulAgaja vidhi, donating an elephant’s weight in gold). While given to debauchery, sambhAjI shared his father’s vision of hindavI svarAjya (refer his letter to rAmasiMha of mevAr) and was well versed in sanskrit.

Farsi account

छत्रपती संभाजी महाराजांचे बलिदान: फुतुहात-ए आलमगिरी

फरमूदंद की अज़ कुशीदंद ब-मील चश्म ऊ रा सुरमा-ए ए बिसारत दहन्द.
चुनाँची हस्बुलहुक्म ब-अमल आवरदंद
लेकीन आन मग़रूर नख़्वतगीर अज़ ग़ैरत तमाम अज़ आन रोज तर्क तआम नमूद व हर चंद हारिसान व निगाह बानान दर तनावल तकलीफ़ करदन व बात (?) शुदंद अम्मा xxx ना मसमू करदा चंद फ़ाक़ा कशीद. आखरश इन सोखन ब-अर्ज वला रसीदा. चूं दर हब्बात ऊ जिन्दगी रसीदा बुद हस्बुलहुक्म दर सियासत गाह बुरदा अज़ु अज़ुश रा अज़ हम जुदा शाफ्ता व कला ए ऊ रा अज़ खुजस्ता बुनियाद ता दारुलरूह बरहानपुर गर्दानिदा व दर दारुल खिलाफत शाहजहानाबाद बुरदा ब-दरवाजा आवेज़िदन करदंद.

Marathi translation (Satyen)

बादशाहाने (औरंगजेब ) फर्मावले की सुईने त्याचे (छत्रपती संभाजी महाराजांचे) डोळे फोडून त्यात आंधळेपणाचं काजळ घालण्यात यावे. बादशहाच्या हुकुमाची अंमलबजावणी करण्यात आली.

The Emperor after two days told Ruhullah Khan to learn from Sambha where he kept his treasure jewels and other property, and which of the (Imperial) commanders used to correspond with him. At this,..as is well-known, who-so-ever washed his hands of the hope speaks out whatever he has in his heart, spoke shameful and vain words in connection with His Majesty. The Khan without reporting plainly what the wretch had spoken, sent to His Majesty a line of it in the form of hints.

The Emperor, therefore, ordered that by thrusting a needle they should give to his eyes the collyrium of blindness. It was done, as ordered. But that haughty man, in great pride gave up eating from that day, (1566) and inspite of the urging and pressing of his guards to eat, fasted for some days. At last the matter was reported to His Majesty. By his order Sambha was taken to the place of execution, his limbs were seperated one by one, and his head was taken round in show from Aurangabad to Burhanpur, and hung up on the gate at the capital Delhi.

  1. In Second Ms. 5,000 on f. 143b.
  2. Sambha was executed on Falgun (Chaitra) Vadi 30, 1745 V.S. Mon., 29 Jamad. A. 1100 A.H. i.e. March 12, 1689 A.D. Jedhe Shakavali, Shivaji., p. 32; M.A., (E.T.), p. 196.

Per marATha accounts

Sambhaji was told that if he converted to Islam and spent his life as a servant of the emperor he could see life. Sambhaji made it clear that the Alamgir was the worst enemy of the country and the Padishaw was a real fool to follow a mentally ill person as his only prophet. Awrangzeb decided to execute him on hearing his reply. sambhAjI said he would sacrifice his life as an offering to the great mahAdeva. His tongue was cut out and fed to a dog. Then his eyes were gouged out and limbs cut. His heart was pulled out and finally the head was cut. Body parts which were left over from feeding dogs were then paraded through major cities in a procession.

Background

Sambhaji’s positions were spied upon by his own relations, the Shirke family, who had defected to the Mughals. Sambhaji and 25 of his advisors (including kavi kalash) were captured by the Mughal forces of Muqarrab Khan in a skirmish at Sangameshwar in February 1689. Earlier in his life he had escaped the clutches of Awrangzeb at Agra with his father shivAjI.

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सिर्हिन्दे ऽफ़्घान-पराजयः #२६६

Event occured on 1758-03-21 (gregorian).

The Marathas under raghunAth rAv, Mughals under Adina Beg and the Dal Khalsa (Sikh confederation) under Jassa Singh Ahluwalia attacked and captured Sirhind from Afghans on March 21, 1758.

Context

The Marathas remembering the vision of Peshwa Baji Rao, 1720-1740, to establish Hindu Pad Padshahi (Hindu empire) and the lure of Punjab’s riches, made the first attack on Sirhind in December 1757. The Afghan governor, Abdus Samad managed to avoid battle with a tribute. Marathas returned in January 1758 with a large army under Raghunath Rao.

Aftermath

The city was thoroughly plundered which also led to bad blood between Sikhs and Marathas as the Sikhs garnered the lion’s share. The allies then marched to Lahore. The city was abandoned by the Afghans to the “Indian alliance”. The Afghan escapees were were waylaid at Wazirabad on the Chenab. While Taimur and Jahan Khan escaped across the river, the entire treasury which was still east of the river was captured by the victors. Large scale slaughter of Afghan troops took place. The prisoners were marched by the Sikhs to Amritsar to clean the Golden Temple sarovar where dead cows and excreta had been dumped earlier by Jehan Khan.

Surprisingly despite having an army of 2,00,000 and supported by Adina Beg and the Sikhs, the Marathas did not pursue the Afghans across the Indus to deal the coupe de grace. They were content to enforce “chauth” (one forth of revenue) and “sardeshmukhi” (one tenth of revenue for king/ governor). The frontiers of Punjab were left to be guarded by 15000 - 20000 troops in widely separated forts at Multan, Peshawar and Attock. There was no unified command. Bulk of the army under Raghunath Rao and his deputy Malhar Rao Holkar made its way back to Delhi and central India.

The Marathas gave the Adina the title of Nawab and made him the overlord of Lahore and Sirhind, virtually pacing entire Punjab under him for an annual payment of rupees seventy five lakhs. They abandoned the Sikhs to the now powerful Adina who began pursuing them with vengeance for past wrongs. The Sikhs in turn began guerrilla raids on the Marathas.

(Sources: TOI Article by an Army commander)

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