2024-06-20

(चि॰)

ज्यैष्ठः-03-13 ,वृश्चिकः-अनूराधा🌛🌌 , मिथुनम्-मृगशीर्षम्-03-06🌞🌌 , शुक्रः-03-32🌞🪐 , गुरुः

  • Indian civil date: 1946-03-30, Islamic: 1445-12-13 Ḏū al-Ḥijjah, 🌌🌞: सं- मिथुनम्, तं- आनि, म- मिथुनं, प- हाड़्ह, अ- आहार
  • संवत्सरः - क्रोधी
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1946, विक्रमाब्दः 2081, कलियुगे 5125
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः उत्तरायणम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — ग्रीष्मऋतुः ज्यैष्ठः (≈शुक्रः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — शुक्ल-त्रयोदशी►07:50; शुक्ल-चतुर्दशी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — अनूराधा►18:08; ज्येष्ठा► (वृश्चिकः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — मृगशीर्षम्►
    • राशि-मासः — ज्यैष्ठः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — साध्यः►20:09; शुभः►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — तैतिलम्►07:50; गरजा►19:46; वणिजा►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—मेषः
  • 🌞-🪐 मूढग्रहाः - शुक्रः (-4.20° → -4.47°), बुधः (-6.50° → -7.67°)
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - गुरुः (23.40° → 24.13°), मङ्गलः (51.20° → 51.42°), शनिः (99.84° → 100.78°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — वृषभः►. मङ्गल — मेषः►. शुक्र — मिथुनम्►. बुध — मिथुनम्►. राहु — मीनः►. केतु — कन्या►.

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—05:58-12:21🌞-18:44🌇
⬇ ⬆ ⬇
चन्द्रः ⬆17:19 ⬇05:01*
शनिः ⬇11:40 ⬆23:46
गुरुः ⬇16:59 ⬆04:16*
मङ्गलः ⬇15:00 ⬆02:32*
शुक्रः ⬆06:16 ⬇19:03
बुधः ⬆06:26 ⬇19:15
राहुः ⬇13:11 ⬆01:00*
केतुः ⬆13:11 ⬇01:00*
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—05:58-07:33; साङ्गवः—09:09-10:45; मध्याह्नः—12:21-13:57; अपराह्णः—15:32-17:08; सायाह्नः—18:44-20:08
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—05:58-06:49; प्रातः-मु॰2—06:49-07:40; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:22-10:13; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—11:55-12:46; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:29-15:20; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—17:02-17:53; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:53-18:44
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:28-05:13; मध्यरात्रिः—23:14-01:28
  • राहुकालः—13:57-15:32; यमघण्टः—05:58-07:33; गुलिककालः—09:09-10:45
  • शूलम्—दक्षिणा (►14:29); परिहारः–तैलम्

उत्सवाः

  • अनध्यायः, अनध्यायः, अनध्यायः, काश्मीरं डोग्रैर् गृहीतम् #२०५, खाण्डेराव-ग्रहणम् #२६३, छत्रपति-शिवाजी-राज्याभिषेकः #३५१, दक्षिणायन-पुण्यकालः, दुर्गन्ध-दौर्भाग्य-नाशक-त्रयोदशी, बन्दा-हत्या #३०८, शुचि-मासः/दक्षिणायनम्, सायन-सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः

अनध्यायः

Observed on Śukla-Caturdaśī tithi of every (lunar) month (Sāṅgavaḥ/paraviddha).

Anadhyayana on account of chaturdaśī. Several tithis in a month are nitya-anadhyayana days, including prathamā, aṣṭamī, chaturdaśī, amāvāsyā and pūrṇimā. Manu has said that performing adhyayana on these days destroys the Guru (Amavasya), Shishya (Chaturdashi) and the vīrya of the brahma (vēda) itself (Ashtami/Purnima). Similarly, Jabali Rishi has said that Adhyayana on prathama hurts the buddhi while adhyayana on chaturdaśī hurts the brahma (vēda) itself!

हारीतः—
प्रतिपत्सु चतुर्दश्यामष्टम्यां पर्वणोर्द्वयोः।
श्वोऽनध्यायेऽद्य शर्वर्यां नाधीयीत कदाचन॥
मनुः—
अमावास्या गुरुं हन्ति शिष्यं हन्ति चतुर्दशी।
ब्रह्माष्टकापौर्णमास्यस्तस्मात्ताः परिवर्जयेदिति॥
याज्ञवल्क्यः—
पञ्चदश्यां चतुर्दश्यां अष्टम्यां राहुसूतके।
जाबालिः—
नाधीयीत नरो नित्यमादावन्ते च पक्षयोः।
आदौ च हीयते बुद्धिरन्ते च ब्रह्म हीयते॥
पक्षादिः प्रतिपत्, पक्षान्तः चतुर्दशी॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 148
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana on account of dakṣiṇāyana. On the days of Ayana (solstices), Vishu (equinoxes), the day when Lord Vishnu goes to sleep (Shayana Ekadashi) or awakens (Utthana Ekadashi) as well as the Manvadi and Yugadi days, one is not supposed to perform Adhyayana.

नारदः—
अयने विषुवे चैव शयने बोधने हरेः।
अनध्यायस्तु कर्तव्यो मन्वादिषु युगादिषु॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 155
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana during the day/night, as it precedes saṅkramaṇa tonight. When saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next day (daylight time) are anadhyayana. If saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next nights are anadhyayana.

कालादर्शे—
पूर्वश्चोर्ध्वमनध्यायमहः सङ्क्रमणे निशि।
दिवा पूर्वोत्तरा रात्रिरिति वेदविदो विदुः॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 162
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

बन्दा-हत्या #३०८

Event occured on 1716-06-20 (gregorian). Julian date was converted to Gregorian in this reckoning.

On this day, after three months of confinement, bandA bahAdur, the vaiShNava disciple of guru govindasiMha, was tortured and killed, after being captured and refusing to convert to Islam.

The execution was brutal. In the prior days, 100 sikh soldiers were brought out and killed daily. bandA was told to kill his four-year-old son, Ajai Singh, which he refused to do. So, Ajai Singh was murdered, his heart was cut out, and thrusted into Banda Bahdur’s mouth. Later, banda’s eyes were pulled out and his hands and feet chopped off. His flesh was torn with red hot pincers. Then he was beheaded. (Sources: Dispatches of John Surman and Edward Stephenson; and other witnesses)

Details

छत्रपति-शिवाजी-राज्याभिषेकः #३५१

Observed on Śukla-Trayōdaśī tithi of Jyaiṣṭhaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha). The event occurred in 1596 (Shaka era).

Details

दक्षिणायन-पुण्यकालः

  • 14:20→18:44

dakṣiṇāyana-puṇyakālaḥ. For dakṣiṇāyana, the 30 ghatikas preceding the saṅkramaṇa form a puṇyakāla; in general, the ghatikas closer to the puṇyakāla are even more sacred.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
अतीतानागते पुण्ये द्वे उदग्दक्षिणायने।
त्रिंशत्कर्कटके नाड्यो मकरे विंशतिः स्मृताः॥
या याः सन्निहिता नाड्यस्तास्ताः पुण्यतमाः स्मृताः॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: SunSankranti CommonFestivals

दुर्गन्ध-दौर्भाग्य-नाशक-त्रयोदशी

Observed on Śukla-Trayōdaśī tithi of Jyaiṣṭhaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

ज्येष्ठशुक्लत्रयोदश्यां दौर्भाग्यशमनं व्रतम्॥१८॥
तत्र स्नात्वा नदीतोये पूजयेच्छुचिदेशजम्।
श्वेतमन्दारमर्कं वा करवीरं च रक्तकम्॥१९॥
निरीक्ष्य गगने सूर्यं प्रार्थयेन्मन्त्रतस्तदा।
मन्दारकरवीरार्का भवन्तो भास्करांशजाः॥२०॥
पूजिता मम दौर्भाग्यं नाशयन्तु नमोऽस्तु वः।
इत्थं योऽर्चयते भक्त्या वर्षे वर्षे द्रुमत्रयम्॥२१॥
नश्यते तस्य दौर्भाग्यं नात्र कार्या विचारणा॥
—नारदपुराणे बृहन्नारदीयपुराणे पूर्वभागे बृहदुपाख्याने द्वादशमासस्थितत्रयोदशीव्रतकथनं नाम द्वाविंशदधिकशततमोऽध्यायः

Details

काश्मीरं डोग्रैर् गृहीतम् #२०५

Event occured on 1819-06-20 (gregorian).

On this day, Pandit Birbal Dhar entered with Sikh soldiers into Kashmir as a victor over afghAns. He had made a daring and costly escape (loosing wife, daughter in law) from Azam Khan’s court to raNajIt singh at lahore via gulAb singh in jammu.

Details

खाण्डेराव-ग्रहणम् #२६३

Event occured on 1761-06-20 (gregorian).

On 20th June 1761, the royalist divAn Khande Rao was surrendered to the new userper Haidar by a cornered Krishnaraja Wodeyar II. Haidar imprisoned him in a iron cage (Page 204, Chapter 5 of Political history of Karnataka under the nawabs) and shifted him to Bangalore where he died a year later. Although khande Rao had let haidar escape, treated Haidar’s family with utmost respect when they were captured, Haidar behaved and repaid him in a very brutal manner. Even Haidar’s wife, Fakhrunnisa, did not prevail upon Haidar to give a milder punishment to the gallant foe.

Context

  • Khande Rao came in contact with Haidar Ali in August 1756 when the king entrusted him with 50k gold pieces to be given to Sahbas Sahib (brother of Haidar) and Haidar to enable them to raise an army to defeat the Dalawai brothers who had virtually imprisoned him (the king) in his own palace.
  • Haidar rose to power under Khande Rao with the countenence of Karachuri Nanjarajaiah. In 1758, Khande Rao was made “Dewan” on the recommendation of Haidar and the Dalawais (including Karachuri Nanjarajaiah) were side-lined.
  • By 1759, it was clear that Haidar was getting more and more revenue districts assigned to himself and Khande Rao had seen through Haidar’s intention to fleece the king.
  • The Wodeyar King sought the assistance of the Mahratta army and Khande Rao wrote several letters to George Pigout, Governor General at Madras for help.
  • On 26th August 1760, Khande Rao attacked Haidar at Srirangapatna but let Haidar flee out of sentiment, with the promise that he would retire away from maisUru. Haidar did not keep his promise - he tried regrouping and attacking.
  • Sadly, shortly thereafter marATha forces were recalled after the defeat at pANIpat.
  • Haidar rushed to the feet of the dalvai Karachuri Nanjarajaiah - the latter was swayed and basically let Haidar act on his behalf - sowing utter confusion in the maisUru king’s troops.

Aftermath

  • On 3rd july 1761, Haidar formally occupied the Fort at Srirangapatna and declared himself as “Sarvadhikari and Regent” to the King. Karachuri Nanjarajaiah, who wanted to re-establish himself at Srirangapatna, was deceived for the second time by Haidar.

Details

सायन-सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः

  • 12:21→18:44

When the transit of the Sun (saṅkrānti) happens in the second half of the day (aparāhṇa) and before midnight, the second half of the day form a puṇyakāla for various observances. In addition to 16 ghatikas on either side of the transition, and specific puṇyakālas like ṣaḍaśīti, viṣṇupadī etc., this is also useful, especially in cases where the other puṇyakālas are inconvenient for appropriate performance of rituals such as snāna, dāna, tarpaṇa, etc.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In the Pulastya Siddhanta, the anushthanas which are to be performed in this sayana punya kala just like nirayana are explicitly stated: snāna, dāna, japa, śrāddha, vrata, hōma, etc. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।
अयनांश-संस्कृतो भानुः नाले चरति सर्वदा।
अमुख्या राशिसङ्क्रान्तिः तुल्यः कालविधिस्तयोः।
स्नान-दान-जप-श्राद्ध-व्रत-होमादि-कर्मभिः।
सुकृतं चल-सङ्क्रान्तौ अक्षयं पुरुषोऽश्नुते॥

Details

शुचि-मासः/दक्षिणायनम्

  • 02:20→

Beginning of śuchi-māsaḥ, marked by the transit of Sun into the 4th division of the tropical zodiac. Importantly, this also marks the beginning of dakṣiṇāyanam, and the end of uttarāyaṇam. This also marks the summer solstice. While nirayana saṅkrānti’s are widely observed, tropical saṅkrānti’s are also equally sacred, and have similar puṇyakālas associated with them.

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)

मधुश्च माधवश्च वासन्तिकावृतू
शुक्रश्च शुचिश्च ग्रैष्मावृतू
नभश्च नभस्यश्च वार्‌षिकावृतू
इषश्चोर्जश्च शारदावृतू
सहश्च सहस्यश्च हैमन्तिकावृतू
तपश्च तपस्यश्च शैशिरावृतू
—तैत्तिरीय-संहितायां ४-४-११

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: SunSankranti CommonFestivals