2024-09-22

(चि॰)

भाद्रपदः-06-20 ,वृषभः-कृत्तिका🌛🌌 , कन्या-उत्तरफल्गुनी-06-06🌞🌌 , नभस्यः-06-31🌞🪐 , भानुः

  • Indian civil date: 1946-06-31, Islamic: 1446-03-18 Rabīʿ alʾ Awwal/Ūlā, 🌌🌞: सं- कन्या, तं- पुरट्टासि, म- कन्नि, प- अस्सू, अ- आहिन
  • संवत्सरः - क्रोधी
  • वर्षसङ्ख्या 🌛- शकाब्दः 1946, विक्रमाब्दः 2081, कलियुगे 5125
  • 🪐🌞ऋतुमानम् — वर्षऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌌🌞सौरमानम् — वर्षऋतुः दक्षिणायनम्
  • 🌛चान्द्रमानम् — वर्षऋतुः भाद्रपदः (≈नभस्यः)

खचक्रस्थितिः

  • |🌞-🌛|तिथिः — कृष्ण-पञ्चमी►15:43; कृष्ण-षष्ठी►
  • 🌌🌛नक्षत्रम् — कृत्तिका►23:00; रोहिणी► (वृषभः)
  • 🌌🌞सौर-नक्षत्रम् — उत्तरफल्गुनी►
    • राशि-मासः — भाद्रपदः►
  • 🌛+🌞योगः — हर्षणः►08:13; वज्रम्►29:23!; सिद्धिः►
  • २|🌛-🌞|करणम् — तैतिलम्►15:43; गरजा►26:42!; वणिजा►
  • 🌌🌛- चन्द्राष्टम-राशिः—तुला
  • 🌞-🪐 मूढग्रहाः - बुधः (7.47° → 6.59°)
  • 🌞-🪐 अमूढग्रहाः - शुक्रः (-29.17° → -29.42°), शनिः (-165.47° → -164.42°), गुरुः (98.66° → 99.59°), मङ्गलः (79.51° → 79.93°)

राशयः
शनि — कुम्भः►. गुरु — वृषभः►. मङ्गल — मिथुनम्►. शुक्र — तुला►. बुध — सिंहः►. राहु — मीनः►. केतु — कन्या►.

दिनमान-कालविभागाः

  • 🌅—06:12-12:12🌞-18:12🌇
⬇ ⬆ ⬇
चन्द्रः ⬇10:09 ⬆21:57
शनिः ⬆17:22 ⬇05:09*
गुरुः ⬇11:56 ⬆23:08
मङ्गलः ⬇13:19 ⬆00:33*
शुक्रः ⬆08:11 ⬇19:50
बुधः ⬇17:48 ⬆05:45*
राहुः ⬇06:41 ⬆18:34
केतुः ⬆06:41 ⬇18:34
  • 🌞⚝भट्टभास्कर-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः—06:12-07:42; साङ्गवः—09:12-10:42; मध्याह्नः—12:12-13:42; अपराह्णः—15:12-16:42; सायाह्नः—18:12-19:42
  • 🌞⚝सायण-मते वीर्यवन्तः— प्रातः-मु॰1—06:12-07:00; प्रातः-मु॰2—07:00-07:48; साङ्गवः-मु॰2—09:24-10:12; पूर्वाह्णः-मु॰2—11:48-12:36; अपराह्णः-मु॰2—14:12-15:00; सायाह्नः-मु॰2—16:36-17:24; सायाह्नः-मु॰3—17:24-18:12
  • 🌞कालान्तरम्— ब्राह्मं मुहूर्तम्—04:36-05:24; मध्यरात्रिः—23:00-01:24
  • राहुकालः—16:42-18:12; यमघण्टः—12:12-13:42; गुलिककालः—15:12-16:42
  • शूलम्—प्रतीची (►11:00); परिहारः–गुडम्

उत्सवाः

  • अनध्यायः, अनध्यायः, इष-मासः/शरदृतुः, कृत्तिका-व्रतम्, चन्द्र-षष्ठी, नाग-पूजा, वन-रक्षक-वैष्णव-हत्या #२९४, विषु-पुण्यकालः, सप्तर्षि-पूजा/अर्घ्यम्, सायन-रवि-सङ्क्रमण-पुण्यकालः, सायन-सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana during the day/night, as it precedes saṅkramaṇa tonight. When saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next day (daylight time) are anadhyayana. If saṅkramaṇa happens in the night, the previous and next nights are anadhyayana.

कालादर्शे—
पूर्वश्चोर्ध्वमनध्यायमहः सङ्क्रमणे निशि।
दिवा पूर्वोत्तरा रात्रिरिति वेदविदो विदुः॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 162
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

अनध्यायः

Anadhyayana on account of viṣu. On the days of Ayana (solstices), Vishu (equinoxes), the day when Lord Vishnu goes to sleep (Shayana Ekadashi) or awakens (Utthana Ekadashi) as well as the Manvadi and Yugadi days, one is not supposed to perform Adhyayana.

नारदः—
अयने विषुवे चैव शयने बोधने हरेः।
अनध्यायस्तु कर्तव्यो मन्वादिषु युगादिषु॥

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 155
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: Anadhyayana Days

चन्द्र-षष्ठी

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Ṣaṣṭhī tithi of Bhādrapadaḥ (lunar) month (Chandrōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Details

इष-मासः/शरदृतुः

  • 18:13→

Beginning of iṣa-māsaḥ, marked by the transit of Sun into the 7th division of the tropical zodiac. Also marks the beginning of śaradr̥tuḥ and the autumnal equinox. While nirayana saṅkrānti’s are widely observed, tropical saṅkrānti’s are also equally sacred, and have similar puṇyakālas associated with them.

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)

मधुश्च माधवश्च वासन्तिकावृतू
शुक्रश्च शुचिश्च ग्रैष्मावृतू
नभश्च नभस्यश्च वार्‌षिकावृतू
इषश्चोर्जश्च शारदावृतू
सहश्च सहस्यश्च हैमन्तिकावृतू
तपश्च तपस्यश्च शैशिरावृतू
—तैत्तिरीय-संहितायां ४-४-११

Details

  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
  • Edit config file
  • Tags: SunSankranti CommonFestivals

कृत्तिका-व्रतम्

Observed on every occurrence of Kr̥ttikā nakshatra (Sūryāstamayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

kr̥ttikā-vratam for Lord Subrahmanya. Observe fast for the entire day, and obtain blessings of all the kr̥ttikā-striyaḥ who raised skanda after His birth. Three Vratas are very special for Subrahmanya—the bhr̥guvāra-subrahmaṇya-vratam in tulāmāsa, this regular kr̥ttikā vratam, and skandaṣaṣṭhivratam.

अन्यद्व्रतं प्रवक्ष्यामि सुब्रह्मण्यस्य वै द्विजाः।
तुलाराशिं गते सूर्य पूर्वस्मिन् भृगुवासरे॥१॥
समुत्थाय शुचिर्भूत्वा प्रातरेव षडाननम्।
ध्यात्वा हृदब्जनिलये नित्यकर्म समाप्य च॥२॥
व्रतं चरेद्विधानेन सर्वपापहरं परम्।
कृत्तिकाव्रतमन्यच्च स्कन्दषष्ठिव्रतं पाम्॥३॥
व्रतानि त्रीणि ये मर्त्याश्चरन्त्यागममार्गतः।
ते भुक्त्वा विपुलान् भोगानन्ते मोक्षं गुहाज्ञया॥४॥
ब्रह्मविष्ण्वादयो देवाश्चरित्वैतानि भूसुराः।
जघ्नुर्दैत्यान्महाघोरान्रणमध्यगतान् पुरा॥५॥
कर्तृत्वं च दिशां प्रापुर्दिक्पालाः पुनरप्युत।
मुचुकुन्दो महीपालः शत्रूञ्जित्वा रणे पुरा॥६॥
गाणाधिपत्यं सम्पाप चरित्वैतानि भूसुराः।
नारदप्रमुखाः पूर्वे तापसानामधीश्वराः॥७॥
नित्यत्वं प्रापुरतुलं पुनरावृत्तिदुर्लभम्।
पुत्रानायुः पुरा केचिदपुत्रा ब्राह्मणोत्तमाः॥८॥
ऐश्वर्यं ज्ञानयोगांश्च मोक्षं चापुः पुरा परे।
त्रिष्वेतेषु व्रतं चैकं यश्चरेद्गुहसम्मतम्॥९॥
स लब्ध्वा वाञ्छितं सर्वं शिवलोकमनुत्तमम्।
प्राप्य मोक्षं व्रजत्यन्ते गुहस्यैव प्रसादतः॥१०॥
त्रीणि व्रतानि यो मर्त्यश्चरति स्कन्दसम्मतम्।
माहात्म्यं तस्य को वेत्ति गुहतुल्यस्य भूसुराः॥११॥
श्री स्कान्दे महापुराणे शङ्करसंहितायां शिवरहस्यखण्डे उपदेशकाण्डे सप्तत्रिंशोऽध्याये

Details

नाग-पूजा

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Pañcamī tithi of Bhādrapadaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Details

सायन-रवि-सङ्क्रमण-पुण्यकालः

  • 11:49→18:12

16 ghatikas on either side of the transition of the Sun are sacred for various observances. In addition to specific puṇyakālas like ṣaḍaśīti, viṣṇupadī etc., this is also useful, especially in cases where the other puṇyakālas are inconvenient for appropriate performance of rituals such as snāna, dāna, tarpaṇa, etc.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In the Pulastya Siddhanta, the anushthanas which are to be performed in this sayana punya kala just like nirayana are explicitly stated: snāna, dāna, japa, śrāddha, vrata, hōma, etc. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।
अयनांश-संस्कृतो भानुः नाले चरति सर्वदा।
अमुख्या राशिसङ्क्रान्तिः तुल्यः कालविधिस्तयोः।
स्नान-दान-जप-श्राद्ध-व्रत-होमादि-कर्मभिः।
सुकृतं चल-सङ्क्रान्तौ अक्षयं पुरुषोऽश्नुते॥

Details

सायन-सङ्क्रमण-दिन-अपराह्ण-पुण्यकालः

  • 12:12→18:12

When the transit of the Sun (saṅkrānti) happens in the second half of the day (aparāhṇa) and before midnight, the second half of the day form a puṇyakāla for various observances. In addition to 16 ghatikas on either side of the transition, and specific puṇyakālas like ṣaḍaśīti, viṣṇupadī etc., this is also useful, especially in cases where the other puṇyakālas are inconvenient for appropriate performance of rituals such as snāna, dāna, tarpaṇa, etc.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In the Pulastya Siddhanta, the anushthanas which are to be performed in this sayana punya kala just like nirayana are explicitly stated: snāna, dāna, japa, śrāddha, vrata, hōma, etc. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।
अयनांश-संस्कृतो भानुः नाले चरति सर्वदा।
अमुख्या राशिसङ्क्रान्तिः तुल्यः कालविधिस्तयोः।
स्नान-दान-जप-श्राद्ध-व्रत-होमादि-कर्मभिः।
सुकृतं चल-सङ्क्रान्तौ अक्षयं पुरुषोऽश्नुते॥

Details

सप्तर्षि-पूजा/अर्घ्यम्

Observed on Kr̥ṣṇa-Pañcamī tithi of Bhādrapadaḥ (lunar) month (Sūryōdayaḥ/puurvaviddha).

Details

वन-रक्षक-वैष्णव-हत्या #२९४

Event occured on 1730-09-22 (gregorian). Julian date was converted to Gregorian in this reckoning.

On roughly this day, several biShnoi-s died protecting khejri trees from the king’s men. The king came, apologized and turned the village into a sanctuary.

A royal party led by giridhar bhaNDArI, a minister of the maharajah of Marwar, arrived at Jalnadi village (later known as khejralI) with the intention of felling some Khejri trees that were sacred to the villagers. The trees were to be burned to produce lime for fort (some say palace) construction. A local woman called Amrita Devi protested against the tree-felling because such acts were prohibited by the vishnoi’s religion. The royal party said that they would only cease if she paid them a bribe, which she refused. She said that she would rather give away her life to save the trees. She and her three daughters (Asu, Ratni and Bhagu) were then killed by the party.

News of the deaths spread and summons to a meeting were sent to 84 Bishnoi villages. The meeting determined that one Bishnoi volunteer would sacrifice their life for every tree that was cut down. Older people began hugging the trees that were intended to be cut and many were killed. They said: ‘A chopped head is cheaper than a felled tree’ (“सिर साटै रूँख रहे - तो भी सस्तो जाँण”). Bhandari claimed that the Bishnois were sacrificing ageing people whom they no longer saw as useful to society. In response to this, young men, women and children began to follow the example of the old. 363 Bishnois (294 men & 69 women) died in the incident.

Aftermath

The shocked tree-felling party left for Jodhpur with their mission unfulfilled. When the Maharaja Abhai Singh of Marwar heard about this, he was filled with remorse and came to the village to personally apologize to the people. He promised them that they would never again be asked to provide timber to the ruler, no khejri tree would ever be cut, and hunting would be banned near the Bishnoi villages. The proclamation, in a tAmra-patra, is displayed in a memorial.

Later, memorials were erected in memory of the martyrs - including a cenotaph, Khejarli Shahid Sthal, Jambheshwar sathari, aka amrita Devi vishnoismariti vatika. Every year fair is take place on bhAdrapada-shukla-dashamI. To remember their sacrifice, the government declared September 11 as National Forest Martyrs’ Day.

The Khejarli story inspired another environmental movement—the Chipko Andolan (1973) in the Tehri-Garhwal Himalaya. This, in turn, spawned the Jungle Bachao Andolan (1982) in Bihar and Jharkhand, the Appiko Chaluvali (1983) in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, and other similar protests. The ‘tree-hugging’ tactic of the Chipko Andolan and its messages gained popularity in many countries beyond India’s borders, leading to protests in Switzerland, Japan, Malaysia, The Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand.

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विषु-पुण्यकालः

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viṣu-puṇyakāla — equinox. For viṣu-puṇyakāla the 10 ghatikas preceding and succeeding the saṅkramaṇa forms a puṇyakāla; in general, the ghatikas closer to the puṇyakāla are even more sacred.

While the nirayana puṇyakāla-s are well known, marked by the transit of the Sun into various rāśī-s (which confer the name to the corresponding saura month), there are also ayana-s and sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s, which mark the position of the Sun above the Northern or Southern parts of the Earth. These determine the r̥tu-s, and also the very famous uttarāyaṇa and dakṣināyana (movement of the Sun towards North or South, respectively). While these two types of puṇyakāla-s (sāyana and nirayana) coincided millennia ago, there has been a gradual precession of the equinoxes, owing to the nature of the Earth’s rotation, causing the sāyana saṅkramaṇa-s to happen about 24 days before the nirayana saṅkramaṇa-s. In that era, uttarāyaṇa coincided with makara-saṅkramaṇa and dakṣināyana coincided with karkaṭaka-saṅkramaṇa, and the mēsa and tulā saṅkramaṇa-s corresponded to the equinoxes, when the Sun rises direct East (and sets direct West).

Many Dharma Shastra texts recognise the separate puṇyakāla-s for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. The vachanam of Jaabaali Maharshi is mentioned above, where he says that the puṇyakāla-s are identical (in their reckoning) for both types of saṅkramaṇa-s. In Kala Madhava, which is considered as the source text of the kala vicharas of the Dikshitiya, it is said in the 5th prakarana that, meṣādi-saṅkrāntayo yasmin dine bhavanti tasmād dināt pūrvebhyaḥ ekādaśabhyo dinebhyaḥ prācīne dine, noting that Sayana Sankramanas occurred ~11 days before the day when the Mesha Sankramanas etc occur. Further references are seen in Dharma Sindhu first pariccheda, Jayasimha Kalpadruma sankranti nirnaya and Nirnaya Sindhu first pariccheda. There are also ample references in Vedas, illustrating how Ayana-s happened much later (in certain other eras), e.g. Shukla Yajur Veda Shatapatha Brahmana (Ekapaat Kanda 1/2/3), Nakshatra Sukta belonging to the Atharva Veda (Shaunaka Samhita 19/7/2), Maitrayaniya Aranyaka (6/14), and Taittiriya Brahmana (1/5/2).

For a wonderfully detailed exposition on the topic, see https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/dakshinayana-en and https://sites.google.com/view/nakshatradarsha/uttarayana-en .

सङ्क्रान्तिस्नानाकरणे प्रत्यवायमाह शातातपः—
सूर्यसङ्क्रमणे पुण्ये न स्नायाद्यदि मानवः।
सप्तजन्मसु रोगी स्याद् दुःखभागी च जायते॥
सङ्क्रान्त्यां यानि दत्तानि हव्यकव्यानि मानवैः।
तानि तस्य ददात्यर्कः सप्तजन्मसु निश्चितम्॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
षडशीत्यां तु यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं विषुवद्वये।
दृश्यते सागरस्यान्तस्तस्यान्तो नैव दृश्यते॥
—स्मृतिकौस्तुभे
वर्तमाने तुलामेषे नाड्यस्तूभयतो दश।
या याः सन्निहिता नाड्यस्तास्ताः पुण्यतमाः स्मृताः॥
—वैद्यनाथ-दीक्षितीये स्मृतिमुक्ताफले आह्निक-काण्डः (पूर्वभागः)
सङ्क्रान्तिषु यथा कालस्तदीयेऽप्ययने तथा।

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  • References
    • Smriti Muktaphalam SVR p. 267
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